Study: “Spatial immune profiling defines a subset of human gliomas with functional tertiary lymphoid structures”[1]
Background:
Adult-type diffuse gliomas: “cold” tumors
Tertiary Lymphoid structures (TLSs)
Objectives:
Visualizing transcriptional patterns
Identifying key genes
Confirming TLS functionality
[1] Cakmak et al., 2025 – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2025.09.018
Dataset: GEO (NCBI) - GSE271059[2]
Metadata:
IDH_status
TLS_status
Localisation
Primary_or_Recurrent
Age
Gender
Raw data: gene expression count matrix (genes × samples)
[2] GEO series GSE271059 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE271059
[3] Ayers et al., 2017 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28650338/
TLS status does not strongly separate the samples
TLS group contains highly distinct outliers
Clear and distinct separation of samples by IDH status
Outlier subsets exist
Three genes were found to be TLS-significant